What type of information does demographic data provide?

Demographic data primarily provides statistics that describe various characteristics of a population. This includes factors such as age, gender, income level, educational attainment, marital status, and occupation. This type of information is invaluable for businesses, marketers, and policymakers as it assists in identifying target audiences, understanding consumer behavior, and making informed decisions based on the characteristics and needs of specific groups within the population.

In contrast, real-time data on sales transactions would relate to business operational metrics rather than population statistics. Details about individual product performance pertain to specific items in a market rather than the demographic trends of consumers. Lastly, a record of company expenses is focused on financial management within an organization and does not provide insights into the broader population characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer accurately reflects the role and purpose of demographic data in analyzing population attributes.