What does an "invoice" typically document?

An invoice is a critical document used in business transactions that serves as a request for payment for goods or services rendered. It typically includes essential details such as the seller's and buyer's information, a description of the goods or services provided, quantities, prices, any applicable taxes, and payment terms. By documenting this information, an invoice helps ensure that the seller receives payment and provides the buyer with a clear record of what they are being billed for.

This understanding is essential in managing accounts receivable and maintaining accurate financial records, making it a fundamental aspect of business operations. The other choices pertain to different aspects of business management; employee hours and achievements relate to personnel management, while incoming shipments deal with inventory and supply chain processes, which do not align with the primary purpose of an invoice.